Manager and Organization

An effective manager is an effective leader. He creates positive work environment.
In the environment the organization and its employees have the opportunity and challenge to achieve a high performance. Managers should be leaders. They take the initiative and become active participants in the activities performed by their employees and other operations. Successful managers create a situation that encourages high performances and removes the cause of failure. These m anagers ensure that employees understand their jobs and have the resources necessary to complete their tasks. Finally, effective managers try to create interesting jobs and motivate the employees with appropriate incentives.

An organization is a managed system designed and operated to achieve specific set of objectives. This system processes human, financial, and information resources into outputs. These outputs are good and services. External environment demands both outputs.

Manager performs several major functions. These functions include planning, organizing and staffing, leading, and controlling. Planning is analyzing a situation, determining the goals to be achieved both in present and in the future, and deciding in advance the action which is needed to realize these goals.

Organizing and staffing include the efforts of the managers to assemble the resources needed to complete the job and to group and coordinate employees and tasks to get a maximum success. Controlling involves monitoring the progress of the organization and, if necessary, taking corrective action.

To execute management functions successfully, managers need these specific skills: technical skills, interpersonal and communications skills, conceptual and decision-making skills.
A technical skill is the ability to perform a specialized task. This task involves a certain method or process. Interpersonal and communications skills influence the manager’s ability to interact and work well with people. Conceptual and decision making skills involves the manager’s ability to recognize complex and dynamic issues, to examine the factors that influences these problems, and to make decision regarding them.

These functions and skills are applied differently depending on the manager’s status in the organization. Strategic managers are the senior executives who are responsible for the organization’s overall management. Tactical managers take the general goals and plans developed by strategic managers and translate them into more specific objectives. They supervise the operation of the organization.

VOCABULARY:
performance :pelaksanaan (pekerjaan)
Participant :peserta
Challenge :tantangan
Initiative :inisiatif
Failure :kegagalan
Task :tugas
Effort :upaya
Output :hasil
Issue :masalah yang harus diputuskan
Progress :kemajuan
Skill :kecakapan
Create :menciptakan
achieve :mencapai
encourage :membangkitkan semangat/dorongan
remove :menghapus, menyingkirkan
Ensure :meyakinkan
Pursue :berusaha untuk memenuhi, mengejar
assemble :merangkai, menggabungkan
execute :melaksanakan
involve :meliputi, mencakup

QUESTION FOR COMPREHENSION
1. Why a positive work environment must be created?
2. What do managers do ro achieve the targets of their company?
3. What is an organization?
4. What are the output of an organization?
5. What must managers carry out to achieve the organization’s objectives?
6. What is planning?
7. What is organizing?
8. How can managers execute management functions succesfully?
9. What are the differences of managers from tactical managers?